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Resumo Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade das revisões sistemáticas sobre prevenção e tratamento não farmacológico do sobrepeso e da obesidade em crianças e adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Foi realizada uma busca em bases de dados eletrônicas (Medline via Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, The Cochrane Library e Ensaios Clínicos), incluindo apenas revisões sistemáticas com meta-análise. As revisões foram selecionadas por dois pesquisadores e um terceiro resolveu as divergências. A lista de recomendações do PRISMA foi seguida. Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 4.574 publicações, e 24 foram incluídas após seleção. Seis publicações eram sobre prevenção da obesidade, 17 sobre tratamento da obesidade e 1 sobre intervenções mistas para prevenção e tratamento da obesidade. As intervenções eram muito heterogêneas e mostraram pouco ou nenhum efeito sobre o peso ou índice de massa corporal. Intervenções mistas que incluíam dieta, exercícios, ações para reduzir o comportamento sedentário e programas que envolviam a escola ou as famílias mostraram alguns efeitos positivos de curto prazo. Revisões que analisaram fatores de risco cardiovascular demonstraram melhoras significativas em curto prazo. Conclusão: As revisões sistemáticas de intervenções para prevenir ou reduzir a obesidade em crianças e adolescentes geralmente mostraram pouco ou nenhum efeito sobre o peso ou índice de massa corporal, embora o perfil cardiovascular possa ter melhorado. Intervenções mistas demonstraram melhores efeitos, mas o impacto em longo prazo dos tratamentos da obesidade de crianças e adolescentes ainda não está claro.

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to assess the quality of systematic reviews on prevention and non-pharmacological treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Data source: A search was done in electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, the Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials), including only systematic reviews with meta-analysis. Reviews were selected by two researchers, and a third one solved the divergences. PRISMA statement and checklist were followed. Summary of data: A total of 4574 records were retrieved, including 24 after selection. Six reviews were on obesity prevention, 17 on obesity treatment, and one on mixed interventions for prevention and treatment of obesity. The interventions were very heterogeneous and showed little or no effects on weight or body mass index. Mixed interventions that included dieting, exercise, actions to reduce sedentary behavior, and programs involving the school or families showed some short-term positive effects. Reviews that analyzed cardiovascular risk factors demonstrated significant improvements in the short-term. Conclusion: The systematic reviews of interventions to prevent or reduce obesity in children and adolescents generally showed little or no effects on weight or body mass index, although cardiovascular profile can be improved. Mixed interventions demonstrated better effects, but the long-term impact of obesity treatments of children and adolescents remains unclear.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2018.07.009 4561 downloads

Effectiveness of carbohydrates as a functional ingredient in glycemic control
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SARDÁ, Fabiana Andrea Hoffmann

; GIUNTINI, Eliana Bistriche

; NAZARE, Julie-Anne

; KÖNIG, Daniel

; BAHIA, Luciana Ribeiro

; LAJOLO, Franco Maria

; MENEZES, Elizabete Wenzel de

Food Science and Technology

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dec 2018, Volume 38 N. 4 Pages 561 - 576

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract High postprandial glycemia in the non-diabetic population is one of the known universal mechanisms for the progression of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which have impacted the finances of both individuals and of health systems. In order to highlight the role of carbohydrates in glycemic control and its implications on health, the International Life Sciences Institute Brazil held an international workshop on “Carbohydrates, Glycemia and Health”. Carbohydrate digestion rate is related to glycemic response, which mainly depends on the quality and amount of carbohydrate ingested, and thus it may be modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. These effects can be verified by using different methods which evidence how physiology adapts in the uptake of glucose. Consumers can be aided with the knowledge/awareness of the benefits of high postprandial glycemia control in non-diabetic subjects. Multisectorial actions can contribute to decrease the onset and worsening of NCDs. A strategy indicated to the public in general to expand the availability of products that do not result in a sudden increase of postprandial plasma glucose and/or insulin would be to use alternative ingredients and/or technology in addition to making the legally allowed communication of benefits, which are supported by scientific studies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.42517 3397 downloads

Estimated costs of hospitalization due to coronary artery disease attributable to familial hypercholesterolemia in the Brazilian public health system
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Bahia, Luciana R.

; Rosa, Roger S.

; Santos, Raul D.

; Araujo, Denizar V.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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may 2018, Volume 62 N. 3 Pages 303 - 308

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Brazil, imposing substantial economic burden on the health care system. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is known to greatly increase the risk of premature coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to estimate the economic impact of hospitalizations due to CAD attributable to FH in the Brazilian Unified Health Care System (SUS). Subjects and methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study of data obtained from the Hospital Information System of the SUS (SIHSUS). We selected all adults (≥ 20 years of age) hospitalized from 2012-2014 with primary diagnoses related to CAD (ICD-10 I20 to I25). Attributable risk methodology estimated the contribution of FH in the outcomes of interest, using international data for prevalence (0.4% and 0.73%) and relative risk for events (RR = 8.56). Results: Assuming an international prevalence of FH of 0.4% and 0.73%, of the 245,981 CAD admissions/year in Brazil, approximately 7,249 and 12,915, respectively, would be attributable to an underlying diagnosis of FH. The total cost due to CAD per year, considering both sexes and all adults, was R$ 985,919,064, of which R$ 29,053,500 and R$ 51,764,175, respectively, were estimated to be attributable to FH. The average cost per FH-related CAD event was R$ 4,008. Conclusion: Based on estimated costs of hospitalization for CAD, we estimated that 2.9-5.3% are directed to FH patients. FH can require early specific therapies to lower risk in families. It is mandatory to determine the prevalence of FH and institute appropriate treatment to minimize the clinical and economic impact of this disease in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000030 1170 downloads

Cost of diseases related to alcohol consumption in the Brazilian Unified Health System
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Coutinho, Evandro Silva Freire

; Bahia, Luciana

; Barufaldi, Laura Augusta

; Abreu, Gabriela de Azevedo

; Malhão, Thainá Alves

; Pepe, Camila Ribeiro

; Araujo, Denizar Vianna

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2016, Volume 50 elocation 28

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar os custos diretos associados ao atendimento ambulatorial e hospitalar de doenças relacionadas com o consumo de álcool no Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro. MÉTODOS Riscos atribuíveis populacionais foram calculados para doenças selecionadas relacionadas ao uso de 25 g/dia ou mais de etanol (consumo de risco), considerando-se o risco relativo (RR) ≥ 1,.20. As estimativas de RR foram obtidas a partir de três meta-análises e as taxas de consumo de risco em brasileiros ≥ 18 anos obtidos em pesquisa nacional. Os dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH-SUS) e do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do SUS (SIA-SUS) foram utilizados para estimar os custos anuais do SUS com as doenças incluídas na análise. RESULTADOS Os custos totais estimados em um ano com todas as doenças relacionadas com consumo de risco foram US$8.262.762 (US$4.413.670 e US$3.849.092 para pacientes ambulatoriais e internados, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES Consumo de risco de álcool representa importante problema econômico e de saúde, com um impacto significativo para o sistema de saúde e para a sociedade.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the direct costs associated to outpatient and hospital care of diseases related to alcohol consumption in the Brazilian Unified Health System. METHODS Attributable populational risks were estimated for the selected diseases related to the use of 25 g/day or more of ethanol (risk consumption), considering a relative risk (RR) ≥ 1.20. The RR estimates were obtained from three meta-analysis. The risk consumption rates of the Brazilian population ≥ 18 years old were obtained by a national survey. Data from the Hospital Information System of SUS (HIS-SUS) were used to estimate the annual costs of the health system with the diseases included in the analysis. RESULTS The total estimated costs for a year regarding diseases related to risk consumption were U$8,262,762 (US$4,413,670 and US$3,849,092, for outpatient and hospital care, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Risk consumption of alcohol is an important economic and health problem, impacting significantly the health system and society.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2016050005741 401 downloads

Cost of diseases related to alcohol consumption in the Brazilian Unified Health System
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Coutinho, Evandro Silva Freire

; Bahia, Luciana

; Barufaldi, Laura Augusta

; Abreu, Gabriela de Azevedo

; Malhão, Thainá Alves

; Pepe, Camila Ribeiro

; Araujo, Denizar Vianna

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2016, Volume 50 elocation 28

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2016050005741 1464 downloads

Cost-effectiveness analysis of medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the Brazilian public health system
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Bahia, Luciana Ribeiro

; Araujo, Denizar Vianna

; Pepe, Camila

; Trindade, Michelle

; Camargo, Caroline Mendonça

; Javaroni, Valter

International braz j urol

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oct 2012, Volume 38 N. 5 Pages 595 - 605

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) under Brazilian public health system perspective (Unified Health System - "Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)"). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A revision of the literature of the medical treatment of BPH using alpha-blockers, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors and combinations was carried out. A panel of specialists defined the use of public health resources during episodes of acute urinary retention (AUR), the treatment and the evolution of these patients in public hospitals. A model of economic analysis(Markov) predicted the number of episodes of AUR and surgeries (open prostatectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate) related to BPH according to stages of evolution of the disease. Brazilian currency was converted to American dollars according to the theory of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP 2010: US$ 1 = R$ 1.70). RESULTS: The use of finasteride reduced 59.6% of AUR episodes and 57.9% the need of surgery compared to placebo, in a period of six years and taking into account a treatment discontinuity rate of 34%. The mean cost of treatment was R$ 764.11 (US$449.78) and R$ 579.57 (US$ 340.92) per patient in the finasteride and placebo groups, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICERs) was R$ 4.130 (US$ 2.429) per episode of AUR avoided and R$ 2.735 (US$ 1.609) per episode of surgery avoided. The comparison of finasteride + doxazosine to placebo showed a reduction of 75.7% of AUR episodes and 66.8% of surgeries in a 4 year time horizon, with a ICERs of R$ 21.191 (US$ 12.918) per AUR episodes avoided and R$ 11.980 (US$ 7.047) per surgery avoided. In the sensitivity analysis the adhesion rate to treatment and the cost of finasteride were the main variables that influenced the results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the treatment of BPH with finasteride is cost-effective compared to placebo in the Brazilian public health system perspective.

2961 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

Análise de custo-efetividade do ácido zoledrônico na prevenção da fratura osteoporótica proximal de fêmur no cenário do Sistema Suplementar de Saúde Brasileiro
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Araújo, Denizar Vianna

; Bahia, Luciana Ribeiro

; Souza, Camila Pepe Ribeiro de

; Fernandes, Roberta Arinelli

; Navarro, João

; Bueno, Ricardo Luiz Pereira

Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia

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dec 2008, Volume 11 N. 3 Pages 357 - 368

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: realizar análise de custo-efetividade do ácido zoledrônico na prevenção de fraturas osteoporóticas proximais de fêmur. Método: modelo analítico de decisão para comparar ácido zoledrônico versus risedronato, na prevenção de fraturas, no ano 2007. A população-alvo da análise foi uma coorte hipotética de mulheres com osteoporose, idade inicial de 65 anos, horizonte de tempo de cinco anos. Dados epidemiológicos e eficácia dos fármacos foram obtidos de revisão e análise crítica da literatura. Custos foram valorados para o Sistema Suplementar de Saúde. O desfecho analisado foi o custo por fratura de fêmur evitada. Resultados: no cenário base, o ácido zoledrônico reduziu a incidência de fraturas (0,297 fraturas versus 0,460 fraturas), com custo anual do ácido zoledrônico de R$ 21.630,85 versus R$ 21.872,55 do risedronato. Conclusão: o uso do ácido zoledrônico comparado ao risedronato pode prevenir mais fraturas proximais de fêmur, com menores custos, no cenário do Sistema Suplementar de Saúde.

Abstract Objective: To assess cost-effectiveness of zoledronic acid for the prevention of osteoporotic hip fracture. Methods: Decision analytic model to compare zoledronic acid versus risedronate, for the prevention of fracture, in 2007. The target population was a hypothetic cohort of women with osteoporosis aged 65 years in a time horizon of five years. The epidemiological data related to osteoporosis and drug's efficacy were obtained from critical appraisal of scientific literature. The costs were collected from electronic claims databases of patients enrolled in Brazilian health plans. The outcome analyzed was the cost per hip fracture avoided. Results: In the base case scenario, zoledronic acid reduced the incidence of fractures (0.297 fractures against 0.460 fractures), with annual costs of R$ 21,630.85 versus R$ 21,872.55 for the risedronate. Conclusions: The use of zoledronic acid compared to risedronate could prevent more hip fractures, with less costs in the Brazilian private health system.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-9823.2008.11035 1049 downloads

Relationship between adipokines, inflammation, and vascular reactivity in lean controls and obese subjects with metabolic syndrome
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Bahia, Luciana

; Aguiar, Luiz Guilherme

; Villela, Nivaldo

; Bottino, Daniel

; Godoy-Matos, Amelio F.

; Geloneze, Bruno

; Tambascia, Marcos

; Bouskela, Eliete

Clinics

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oct 2006, Volume 61 N. 5 Pages 433 - 440

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A Síndrome Metabólica é um importante fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. As adipocinas interferem com a ação da insulina e com a função endotelial. OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre adipocinas, fatores metabólicos, marcadores inflamatórios e reatividade vascular para inferência da função endotelial em pacientes obesos e controles magros. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo transversal de 19 pacientes obesos com Síndrome Metabólica e 8 controles magros. A reatividade vascular foi avaliada pela pletismografia de oclusão venosa medindo o fluxo sangüíneo da artéria braquial e sua resistência vascular a partir de infusões intra-arteriais de vasodilatadores endotélio-dependente (acetilcolina) e endotélio-independente (nitroprussiato de sódio). Foram também avaliados no sangue a proteína C reativa (PCR), o inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio 1 (PAI-1), fibrinogênio, adiponectina, resistina e o perfil lipídico. Os pacientes foram classificados quanto à resistência insulínica pelo índice HOMA-IR. RESULTADO: PAI-1, PCR e fibrinogênio apresentaram valores mais altos e a adiponectina mais baixos para os pacientes com Síndrome Metabólica do que com os controles. Pacientes com Síndrome Metabólica apresentaram prejuízo da reatividade vascular. A adiponectina e PAI-1 estiveram associadas à insulina, HOMA-IR, triglicerídeos e HDLc; e resistina com o PCR. Adiponectina esteve associada com a resistência vascular e a resistina com o fluxo sangüíneo depois da acetilcolina em pacientes com Síndrome Metabólica. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com Síndrome Metabólica exibiram baixas concentrações sangüíneas de adiponectina e altos níveis de PCR, fibrinogênio e PAI-1. Adiponectina e PAI-1 correlacionaram com os marcadores da resistência insulínica. Adiponectina e resistina correlacionaram com a reatividade vascular. A interação adipócito-endotélio vascular pode ser um importante mecanismo de inflamação e disfunção vascular.

PURPOSE: Metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Adipokines interfere with insulin action and endothelial cell function. We investigated the relationship among adipokines, metabolic factors, inflammatory markers, and vascular reactivity in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome and lean controls. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 19 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome and 8 lean volunteers evaluated as controls. Vascular reactivity was assessed by venous occlusion pletysmography measuring braquial forearm blood flow (FBF) and vascular resistance (VR) responses to intra-arterial infusions of endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine-Ach) and independent (sodium nitroprusside-SNP) vasodilators. Blood samples were obtained to evaluate C reactive protein (CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen, adiponectin, resistin, and lipid profile. Patients were classified with regard to insulin resistance through the HOMA-IR index. RESULTS: PAI-1, CRP and fibrinogen were higher and adiponectin was lower in metabolic syndrome subjects compared to controls. Metabolic syndrome subjects had impaired vascular reactivity. Adiponectin and PAI-1 were associated with insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and HDLc; and resistin with CRP. Adiponectin was associated with VR after Ach in the pooled group and resistin with D FBF after Ach in the metabolic syndrome group. CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome subjects exhibited low levels of adiponectin and high levels of CRP, fibrinogen, and PAI-1. Adiponectin and PAI-1 correlated with insulin resistance markers. Adiponectin and resistin correlated with vascular reactivity parameters. An adipocyte-endothelium interaction might be an important mechanism of inflammation and vascular dysfunction.

5006 downloads Cited 9 times in SciELO

10.

Efeitos da rosiglitazona sobre a função endotelial em indivíduos não-diabéticos com síndrome metabólica
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Bahia, Luciana

; Aguiar, Luiz Guilherme K.

; Villela, Nivaldo

; Bottino, Daniel

; Godoy-Matos, Amélio F.

; Bouskela, Eliete

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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may 2006, Volume 86 N. 5 Pages 366 - 373

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos de um sensibilizador de insulina - rosiglitazona (ROSI) sobre a função endotelial e marcadores de ativação endotelial em um grupo de indivíduos com síndrome metabólica não-diabéticos. MÉTODOS: O grupo foi composto de dezoito indivíduos (doze mulheres, seis homens), com 41,2 ± 9,7 anos e IMC de 37,8 ± 6,1 kg/m². A dose de ROSI utilizada foi 8 mg/dia durante doze semanas. Um grupo de nove indivíduos saudáveis, com 26,1 ± 4,4 anos e IMC de 21,7 ± 1,7 kg/m², foi estudado no estado basal para comparação da resposta vasodilatadora. A função endotelial foi avaliada através da pletismografia de oclusão venosa com infusão intra-arterial de acetilcolina (Ach) e nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP). Foram dosados: glicose, insulina, lipídeos, fibrinogênio e proteína C reativa ultra-sensível (PCR). Os índices HOMA e Quicki foram calculados para quantificar a resistência insulínica (RI). RESULTADOS: Houve melhora nos índices de RI com diminuição do HOMA-R e aumento do Quicki, além de diminuição da PCR e do fibrinogênio. A vasodilatação endotélio-dependente melhorou, com aumento no porcentual de incremento do fluxo sangüíneo após Ach e aumento no porcentual de decremento da resistência vascular. Não foi observada diferença na vasodilatação endotélio-independente. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de ROSI induziu uma redução da RI, do fibrinogênio e da PCR e melhorou a função endotelial em indivíduos com SM não-diabéticos. Esses dados sugerem o papel dessa substância na regulação da função endotelial em indivíduos com alto risco cardiovascular.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of rosiglitazone (ROSI), an insulin-sensitizer, on endothelial function and endothelial activation markers in a group of non-diabetic subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: A group of eighteen subjects (12 women, 6 men), mean age 41.2 ± 9.7 and BMI 37.8 ± 6.1 Kg/m², was treated with rosiglitazone 8 mg/day for 12 weeks. Another group of nine healthy subjects, mean age 26.1 ± 4.4 and BMI 21.7 ± 1.7 Kg/m², was studied at baseline to compare vasodilator response. Endothelial function was evaluated by venous occlusion plethysmography after intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The following were measured: glucose, insulin, lipids, fibrinogen, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP). HOMA and Quicki indexes were calculated to quantify insulin resistance (IR). RESULTS: There was an improvement in insulin resistance, as evidenced by lower HOMA-R and higher QUICKI index, as well as a decrease in CRP and fibrinogen levels. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation also improved, as evidenced by greater increment in blood flow after Ach and greater decrement in vascular resistance. No difference in endothelium-independent vasodilation was noted. CONCLUSION: Rosiglitazone treatment reduced insulin resistance, fibrinogen, and CRP levels and improved endothelial function in non-diabetic subjects with metabolic syndrome. These data suggest that rosiglitazone plays a role in the regulation of endothelial function in patients at high cardiovascular risk.

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11.

O endotélio na síndrome metabólica
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Bahia, Luciana

; Aguiar, Luiz G. K. de

; Villela, Nivaldo Ribeiro

; Bottino, Daniel

; Bouskela, Eliete

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

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apr 2006, Volume 50 N. 2 Pages 291 - 303

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O endotélio é responsável pela manutenção da homeostase vascular. Em condições fisiológicas, mantém o tônus vascular, o fluxo sangüíneo laminar, a fluidez da membrana plasmática, o equilíbrio entre coagulação e fibrinólise, a inibição da proliferação e da migração celulares e o controle da resposta inflamatória. A disfunção endotelial é definida como uma alteração do relaxamento vascular por diminuição da biodisponibilidade de fatores de relaxamento derivados do endotélio, principalmente o óxido nítrico (NO). Estas respostas vasomotoras anormais ocorrem na presença de inúmeros fatores de risco para a aterosclerose. A síndrome metabólica é considerada um estado de inflamação crônica que se acompanha de disfunção endotelial e ocasiona aumento na incidência de eventos isquêmicos cardiovasculares e elevada mortalidade. Essa revisão abordará o processo fisiológico de regulação da função vascular pelo endotélio, os métodos disponíveis para avaliação in vivo da disfunção endotelial e as terapias capazes de melhorar a função vascular e conseqüentemente minimizar o risco cardiovascular dessa síndrome tão prevalente no nosso meio.

The endothelium is responsible for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. In physiological conditions it acts keeping vascular tonus, laminar blood flow, plasmatic membrane fluidity, the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis and the inhibition of cellular proliferation, migration and the inflammatory response. Endothelial dysfunction is defined as an alteration of vascular relaxation induced by reduction of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (ERRFs), mainly nitric oxide. These abnormal vasomotor responses occur in the presence of various risk factors for atherosclerosis. The metabolic syndrome is considered a state of chronic inflammation accompanied of endothelial dysfunction causing an increased incidence of ischemic cardiovascular events and high mortality. This revision will encompass the physiological process of vascular function regulation, methods for in vivo assessment of endothelial dysfunction and therapies capable to improve vascular function and consequently minimize the cardiovascular risk due to metabolic syndrome.

33015 downloads Cited 8 times in SciELO

12.

Does endothelial dysfunction correlate better with waist-to-hip ratio than with body mass index or waist circumference among obese patients?
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Villela, Nivaldo Ribeiro

; Aguiar, Luiz Guilherme Kraemer

; Bahia, Luciana

; Bottino, Daniel

; Bouskela, Eliete

Clinics

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feb 2006, Volume 61 N. 1 Pages 53 - 57

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: A obesidade é associada a doenças cardiovasculares e compromete tanto a macro como a microcirculação. As medidas da cintura e do índice de massa corpórea são rotineiramente empregadas para avaliação do risco cardiovascular em obesos, enquanto a relação cintura-quadril é pouco utilizada. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar que medida antroprométrica, entre as rotineiramente usadas, avalia melhor o risco cardiovascular em obesos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Oitenta e quatro voluntários (21 homens/ 66 mulheres), idade entre 20 e 55 anos foram avaliados quanto ao diâmetro da cintura, ao índice de massa corpórea, à relação cintura-quadril e à função endotelial pela técnica de pletismografia com oclusão venosa para medida do fluxo sanguíneo braquial, em resposta a injeção intrabraquial de três doses de acetilcolina (7,5; 15 e 30 mg/min) ou de nitroprussiato de sódio (2; 4 e 8 mg/min), para avaliação da vasodilatação endotélio-dependente e -independente. RESULTADO: Houve correlação inversa entre o índice de massa corpórea, diâmetro da cintura e aumento do fluxo sanguíneo após injeção de acetilcolina e nitroprussiato de sódio, enquanto que a relação cintura-quadril mostrou uma correlação negativa apenas com o aumento no fluxo de sangue no antebraço, após as infusões de acetilcolina. Quando os indivíduos com mais de 40 anos foram retirados da análise, não observamos mais a relação inversa entre índice de massa corpórea e aumento do fluxo sanguíneo após injeção de acetilcolina, enquanto que a cintura e a relação cintura-quadril mantiveram os resultados observados anteriormente. CONCLUSÃO: A relação cintura-quadril é provavelmente um melhor índice para estimar a disfunção endotelial, e consequentemente o risco cardiovascular, que o índice de massa corpórea e esses achados reforçam a importância da aferição da circunferência do quadril como um índice de obesidade e para estimativa do risco cardiovascular.

PURPOSE: Obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, affecting large arteries and the microcirculation. Waist circumference and body mass index are routinely employed as measures for assessing obesity-related health risk, whereas waist-to-hip ratio is not. We aimed to investigate the association between brachial vascular reactivity and body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. METHODS: Eighty-five volunteers (21 men/66 women), aged between 20 and 55 years, underwent determination of waist circumference, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and endothelial function by venous occlusion plethysmography. Forearm blood flow was measured in response to intrabrachial artery infusions of 3 different concentrations of endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/min) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside 2, 4, and 8 mg/min) vasodilators. RESULTS: There was an inverse correlation of body mass index and waist circumference with forearm blood flow increments after acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside infusions, while waist-to-hip ratio showed an inverse correlation with forearm blood flow increments only after acetylcholine. When subjects older than 40 years (n = 25) were excluded from the analysis, the inverse correlation of body mass index with forearm blood flow increments after acetylcholine infusion no longer existed, while waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio showed the same results observed before. CONCLUSION: The waist-to-hip ratio is probably a better estimator of endothelial dysfunction and possibly of cardiovascular risk than body mass index. These findings underscore the importance of routinely collecting hip circumference as an obesity index and risk estimator.

2528 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

13.

Influência da idade e do diabetes sobre esteróides sexuais e SHBG em homens
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Bahia, Luciana

; Gomes, Marília de Brito

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

Journal Metrics
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jun 2003, Volume 47 N. 3 Pages 256 - 260

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Para analisar a influência de fatores clínicos, demográficos e laboratoriais sobre os níveis de esteróides sexuais e SHBG, estudamos 28 homens com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) e 27 não-diabéticos, nos quais foram medidos o índice de massa corporal (IMC), a relação cintura quadril (RCQ) e a circunferência da cintura. Foram dosados: glicose, hemoglobina glicada, insulina, peptídeo C, estradiol, testosterona e SHBG. O índice de testosterona livre (ITL) foi calculado dividindo-se o valor da testosterona total (TT) pelo valor da SHBG. Utilizamos o índice HOMA-R como indicativo de resistência insulínica. Observamos que os diabéticos apresentavam HOMA-R mais elevado do que os não-diabéticos (4,7±2,7 vs 2,75±1,6; p= 0,04), tendência a menores níveis de TT (3400 [1829-7000] vs. 4267 [2097-7074]pg/ml; p= 0,07) e menor ITL (81,1 [46,3-200,1] vs. 96,1 [31,9-176,7]; p= 0,02). Na análise de regressão linear, a idade foi a única variável que influenciou o ITL (r= 0,34, r²= 0,12; p= 0,01) e o índice HOMA-R (r= 0,54, r²= -0,29; p= 0,0005) e a idade (r= 0,50, r²= 0,18; p= 0,0004) influenciaram a SHBG. Concluimos que o DM foi um dos fatores determinantes de menores níveis de TT e livre em um grupo de homens pareados para idade e adiposidade, porém a idade foi o fator mais importante em homens com ou sem DM.

To study the role of clinical, demographic and laboratory factors on the levels of sex steroids, we studied 28 men with type 2 diabetes (DM2) and 27 non-diabetic controls. Body mass index (BMI), waist size and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were measured in all, as well as, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, peptide C, estradiol, testosterone, and SHBG. The free testosterone index (FTI) was calculated by dividing total testosterone (TT) by SHBG. The HOMA-R index was used as a measure of insulin resistance. We found that diabetics had a higher HOMA-R than non-diabetics (4.7±2.7 vs. 2.75±1.6; p= 0.04), a tendency toward lower levels of TT (3400 [1829-7000] vs. 4267 [2097-7074]pg/ml; p= 0.07) and lower FTI (81.1 [46.3-200.1] vs. 96.1 [31.9-176.7]; p= 0.02). Linear regression analysis showed that age was the only variable that affected FTI (r= 0.34, r²= 0.12; p= 0.01) and that HOMA-R (r= 0.54, r²= -0.29; p= 0.0005) and age (r= 0.50, r²= 0.18; p= 0.0004) influenced SHBG. We conclude that diabetes is partially responsible for lower levels of total and free testosterone in men matched for age and degree of body fat, but age was the most important determinant of lower level of androgens in men with and without diabetes.

5284 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

14.

Interrelações entre SHBG e esteróides sexuais com medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial e lipídeos em mulheres com e sem diabetes mellitus tipo 2
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Bahia, Luciana

; Dimetz, Trude

; Gazolla, Helena

; Clemente, Eliete

; Gomes, Marilia B.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

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jun 2000, Volume 44 N. 3 Pages 239 - 247

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Com o objetivo de analisar as concentrações plasmáticas de SHBG, dos esteróides sexuais, perfil glicídico, lipídico e suas relações com variáveis clínicas, demográficas e medidas antropométricas, estudamos um grupo de 80 mulheres na pós-menopausa, 40 com diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2, com idade de 64,9±7,1 anos e duração conhecida do diabetes de 13,4±1,4 anos e 40 não diabéticas com idade de ól±8,9 anos. Foram analisados: idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura-quadril (RCQ), cintura, pressão arterial sistólica (PAs) e diastólica (PAd). As mulheres diabéticas apresentaram maior freqüência de distribuição andróide de gordura (75% vs. 50%, p= 0,03), maior PAs (p= 0,01), maior testosterona total (p= 0,003), índice de testosterona livre (p= 0,002) e índice de resistência insulínica (IRI) (p= 0,000) do que as mulheres não diabéticas. As não diabéticas com distribuição andróide de gordura apresentaram menores níveis de SHBG do que aquelas com distribuição ginecóide (p= 0,008). No grupo com IMC > ou = 30kg/m2 e no grupo com cintura > ou = 88cm, as mulheres diabéticas apresentaram maior testosterona total e índice de testosterona livre do que as mulheres não diabéticas. As não diabéticas com distribuição andróide de gordura apresentaram maior índice de testosterona livre do que aquelas com distribuição ginecóide (p= 0,01). As diabéticas com distribuição andróide apresentaram maiores níveis de estradiol do que aquelas com distribuição ginecóide (p= 0,02). Em conclusão, mulheres diabéticas apresentaram maior freqüência de distribuição abdominal de gordura, estando associada à maiores concentrações de testosterona total, índice de testosterona livre e estradiol e menores concentrações de SHBG. Estes dados sugerem que o hiperandrogenismo com diminuição de SHBG, possam ser indicadores da síndrome de resistência insulínica, e poderiam, de alguma forma, agravar o grau de resistência nestes pacientes.

In order to investigate the relationship between plasma leveis of SHBG, sex steroids and glucose metabolism, lipid profile, anthropometric measurements, clinical and demographic variables, we studied a group of 80 post-menopausal women, 40 with type 2 diabetes (DM2) aged 64.9±7.1 and with known DM duration of 13.4± 1.4 years and 40 non-diabetic aged 61 ±8.9. We analyzed: age, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist, systolic (sBP) and diastolic blood pressure (dBP). Diabetic women had higher frequency of android adiposity (75% vs. 50%, p= 0.03), higher sBP (p= 0.01), higher total testosterone (p= 0.003), free testosterone index (p= 0.02) and insulin resistance index (IRI) (p= 0.000) than non-diabetic women. Non-diabetics with android adiposity had lower levels of SHBG than those with ginecoid adiposity (p= 0.008). In the group with BMI > or = 30kg/m2 and in the group with waist > or = 88cm diabetic women had higher total testosterone and free testosterone index than non-diabetic women. Non-diabetics with android adiposity had higher free testosterone index than those with ginecoid adiposity (p= 0.01). Diabetic women with android adiposity had higher estradiol than those with ginecoid adiposity (p= 0.02). In conclusion, diabetic women had higher frequency of android adiposity, associated with high total testosterone, free testosterone index and estradiol and low levels of SHBG. These results suggest that hyperandrogenism with low SHBG could be indicators of the insulin resistance syndrome, and could somehow increase the insulin resistance in these subjects.

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15.

Coronary artery disease, microalbuminuria and lipid profile in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
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Bahia, Luciana

; Gomes, Marília B.

; Cruz, Pedro di Marco da

; Gonçalves, Maria de Fátima

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jul 1999, Volume 73 N. 1 Pages 17 - 22

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of coronary artery disease, microalbuminuria and the relation to lipid profile disorders, blood pressure and clinical and metabolic features. METHODS: Fifty-five type 2 diabetic patients (32 females, 23 males), aged 59.9±9 years and with known diabetes duration of 11±7.3 years were studied. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as a positive history of myocardial infarction, typical angina, myocardial revascularization or a positive stress testing. Microalbuminuria was defined when two out of three overnight urine samples had a urinary albumin excretion ranging 20 - 200µg/min. RESULTS: CAD was present in 24 patients (43,6%). High blood pressure (HBP) present in 32 patients (58.2%) and was more frequent in CAD group (p=0.05) HBP. Increased the risk of CAD 3.7 times (CI[1.14-12]). Microalbuminuria was present in 25 patients (45.5%) and tended to associate with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.06), presence of hypertension (p = 0.06) and know diabetes duration (p = 0.08). In the stepwise multiple logistic regression the systolic blood pressure was the only variable that influenced UAE (r = 0.39, r² = 0.14, p = 0.01). The h ypertensive patients had higher cholesterol levels (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In our sample the frequency of microalbuminuria, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and CHD was high. Since diabetes is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the association of others risk factors suggest the need for an intensive therapeutic intervention in primary and in secundary prevention.

3066 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

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